The Pleasures and Perils of Passing - Literature Essay Samples

In her novel Passing, published in 1929, Nella Larsen delves into the identity struggle experienced by some African Americans who possess the same outward appearance as Whites. Clare Kendry, a protagonist in the novel, permanently crosses the boundaries of the color line in order to escape confinement and gain White privilege. I argue that Passing provides a critique of racial passing and of the arbitrary and deceptive construction of one’s race. Through an investigation of whether or not Clare Kendry’s African American heritage is an escapable aspect of her human nature, it becomes evident that Clare’s feigned way of life in which she conducts herself as a White member of society ultimately results in her personal destruction as symbolized through her tragic death. After experiencing a childhood characterized by poverty and a lack of security, Clare yearns for a more luxurious life. Following her father’s death at age fifteen, Clare lives with her racist White aunts who require her to fulfill the domestic duties of the household, reinforcing society’s perception of her position in the inferior race. Clare explains her motivation to escape this inhibiting atmosphere when she comments, â€Å"I was determined to get away, to be a person and not a charity or a problem. Then, too, I wanted things† (Larsen 27). Given that there was â€Å"nothing sacrificial in Clare Kendry’s idea of life, no allegiance beyond her own immediate desire,† not even the perilous act of passing dissuades her from satisfying her longings (Larsen 10). As Peggy McIntosh asserts, â€Å"White privilege [is seen] as an invisible package of unearned assets which can [be] cashed in each day, but about which [people] remain oblivious. White privi lege is like an invisible weightless knapsack of special provisions, maps, passports, codebooks, visas, clothes, tools and blank checks† (165). It is these automatic benefits and advantages that members of the White race experience on a daily basis that drives Clare to pass. By concealing her racial identity through her deceptive outward appearance, Clare marries John Bellew, an upper class White doctor, and assumes a new racial identification. Ironically, John endearingly refers to his wife as â€Å"Nig† and feels comfortable using the term only because of his belief in the impossibility of having a Black family member. Clare’s instantaneous leap up the social class ladder into the top rank of society successfully resolves her motives for passing. Significantly contrasting with her impoverished upbringing, her affluent life now revolves around indulgences such as an extensive wardrobe and frequent travel. Clare’s continued existence is predicated upon her preserving her artificial identity. Ultimately, Clare’s life of riches and White privilege enabled by the faà §ade of her â€Å"ivory mask,† interrupts life’s natural order, resulting in a sense of instability (Larsen 24). Despite Clare permanently crossing the color line, she does maintain a sense of belonging within the African American race rather than a complete rejection of her racial heritage. While Clare passes for the purpose of securing the â€Å"conditions of daily [White] experience,† enabling privileges such as mobility, flexibility, and dominance, she retains a connection and predilection for her own people (McIntosh 166). Her frequent and dangerous trips to Harlem, hidden from her husband, exemplify the uneasiness she faces as an outsider in the White community. Clare’s African-American friend, Irene Redfield, voices her concerns to Clare about these regular visits and the relationships she has maintained with Black people. Though Clare recognizes her self-induced endangerment, her response, â€Å"I’ve been so lonely! You can’t know. Not close to a single soul. Never anyone to really talk to,† exhibits her heedlessness and aching to reconnect with Africa n-Americans (Larsen 67). Unfortunately, she is incapable of maintaining her White privilege and affluence while also reintegrating herself in the lives of her people. Her attendance at the Negro Welfare League dance, the anger elicited in her by racist references, and her assertion, â€Å"I want to see Negroes, to be with them again, to talk, to hear them laugh† all manifest Clare’s yearning to submerge herself in the Black community (Larsen 71). Because Clare’s priorities rest in occupying a position of ascendancy within society, however, she recognizes the necessary sacrifices she must make in other aspects of her life. For example, she says that Bellew prevents her from fulfilling many of her desires and that she could kill him (Larsen 71). Pursuing â€Å"unearned advantage and conferred dominance† over her heritage eventually results in Clare’s downfall (McIntosh 168). Clare can never fully assimilate into the White race, regardless of her actions or appearance. Her recognition that her White racial identity could be completely nullified through her offspring provokes immense distress in Clare when she learns that she is bearing a child. Her comment, â€Å"I nearly died of terror the whole nine months before Margery was born for fear that she might be dark,† accompanied by her subsequent avowal that she would never jeopardize her societal position again through another pregnancy, reveals her trepidation (Larsen 36). She recognizes the fragility of her current position, as demonstrated through her remark, â€Å"It’s only deserters like me who have to be afraid of freaks of the nature† (Larsen 37). Fortunately for both the childs welfare and the familys cohesiveness, Clare’s daughter appears light-skinned. For fear of disclosing her true racial identity and reverting back to her old way of life, Clare resolves to eliminate all occasions for biological proof which could expose all the deceptions of her fabrications in order to safeguard her position in the superior race where â€Å"many doors open for people through no virtues of their own† (McIntosh 166). As Clare continues to lead a duplicitous life, the personal consequences she suffers from assuming a new racial identity are quite evident. Clare’s comment to Irene, â€Å"it may be, ‘Rene dear, it may just be, that, after all, your way may be the wiser and infinitely happier one† provides the grounds to support the idea that opulence and happiness often fail to correlate (Larsen 47). Sadly, Clare recognizes that the abandonment of her community inevitably led to the resignation of her personal well-being. She manifests this realization to a friend when she pronounces that â€Å"you’re free. You’re happy. And safe†Ã¢â‚¬â€none of which were characteristics she could utilize when describing herself (Larsen 67). As previously mentioned, Clare longs to be with Black people. No matter the pretense she holds, her ancestral past draws her back to Harlem frequently, where she can drop her guard, her life is not fabricated, and her interactions occur naturally. Clare imposes upon herself her alienation from the African-American community and her dissatisfaction associated with being a member of the White race. As a breaking point is reached, Larsen employs the metaphor of passing to indicate not only Clare crossing the color line but also to mean approaching her death and subsequent liberation from her manufactured identity. Clares downfall lends itself to various interpretations, although much evidence exists that Irene murders Clare by pushing her out of the window. Clare poses a major threat to Irene’s way of life. Irene is motivated by her need for the security of keeping her family intact, her jealousy of Clare, and her suspicion of an adulterous relationship between Clare and Bellew. Several instances occur where Irene demonstrates premeditation for killing Clare such as when she has â€Å"a thought which she tried to drive away. If Clare should die! Then—Oh, it was vile! To think, yes, to wish that!† (Larsen 101). Irene mulls over the possibility of kililng Clare and ultimately decides that her life cannot go on as desired until Clare is gone. By interpreting her death as murder, Larsen makes a powerful statement about one’s self-defined social and economic goals. Clare faces extreme repercussions for her pursuit of the â€Å"freedom of confident action,† with th e worst being her personal demise (McIntosh 169). Her death can also be considered a moral judgment on shaping a life because of pursuit of economic wealth. Her luxurious life, predicated on false beliefs and pretenses, could not be maintained. Regardless of the cause of Clare’s death, Larsen clearly reveals the personal destruction that materializes from racial passing. Because crossing the boundaries of the color line requires the renunciation of one’s community, the contrived existence inevitably becomes miserable. One’s biological make-up is firmly rooted in his or her kindred of centuries before and is an enduring characteristic of identity. While Clare’s light-colored skin permits her to pass, her identity struggle between the White and Black communities prevents her from successfully achieving permanent integration within the â€Å"superior† race and ultimately ends in her ruin. Her shocking and sudden expiry exposes the consequences of the deceptive construction of one’s race, or living a life of misrepresentation and the desertion of all that is familiar, in pursuit of gaining white privilege.    Works Cited Larsen, Nella. Passing. New York: Penguin Group, 2003. McIntosh, Peggy. White privilege: Unpacking the invisible knapsack. Race, class, and gender in the United States: An integrated study 4 (1988): 165-169.

Ethical And Ethical Theories Of Ethics - 1103 Words

Ethical Analogy Opinions lead our society. Everyone is entitled to their reasoning and how strongly they feel that their approach to life is the right way. Moral beliefs are the stone foundation behind the way people think and their ethics. Look at morals as code of conduct. Each society has its own moral beliefs but come to an understanding that everyone’s entitled is clear. It’s a rule that’s not writing as a law but more so the common way. The act of a person behavior all falls into their ethical belief. Different people causes for different responds to a situation. Furthermore ethics’ is a way to solidify the difference between good, bad or wrong and right. Morally and ethically there is a wrong and right way to every issues we face however, no one can truly say what is right the proper behavioral response due to emotions that move us. One approach used to helping with ethics is Utilitarism. It is described as the means to an end. Created by John Stuar t Mill and Jeremy Bentham, this theory tries to answer moral questions with emotion of one and religion. The outcome is for the greater good of all or the most people. It’s the idea of putting other before you. The moral good is defined as the greatest happiness for the most amounts and the immoral would be the less good for the least amount. Kantian another theory that is very opposite of, Utilitarism means to end. It’s the law of not satisfying one’s own needs, created by Immanuel Kant. The two questions used asShow MoreRelatedThe Ethical Theory Of Ethics898 Words   |  4 Pages Ethics also known as moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that involves the classification, defense and endorsement of concepts of right and wrong actions that govern an individual’s behavior. 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ThisRead MoreThe Ethical Theories Of The Ethics987 Words   |  4 Pagesmajor ethical theories the ones that were focused on in the video were deontological and utilitarian. The deontological theory is the sense of obligation, that someone feels that it their morally duty to do the right thing. The utilitarian theory is that people act and behave so that they will produce happiness for the greatest number of people. These two different ethical theories are ways that people behave and think is morally correct. In the video the professor talked about the two ethical theoriesRead MoreEthics And Ethical Theories Of Ethics956 Words   |  4 Pagesthat were similar had different ethics. It wasn’t until I joined the military that I actually associated my actions and decisions to being ethical or unethical. I believe that society makes the right decisions on things, even when the decision doesn’t benefit them. Through experience, I learned that this is not always the case. 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While learning about those theories, I often thought about how the arguments for some theories included interesting ideas that I personally agreed with, but the methods of reasoning were somewhat lacking. Contrastingly, I encountered theories with arguments that were not thought-provoking ideas at first, but I becameRead MoreThe Ethical Theory Of Virtue Ethics1115 Words   |  5 Pagescriticisms of virtue ethics. First, virtue ethics is really complicated and multiple varieties of the theory of virtue ethics exist. Hence a single summary of VE cannot completely do justice to this theory and the complexity it encompasses. Second, as VE is attempted to be used on more specific cases and is tried to be made more concise, the theory tends to become more inaccurate. The article further suggests the needs for a more comprehensive and specific explanation of virtue ethics. Although there

Nathan Bedford Forrest in the Civil War

The Between European American Culture And Native American...

scene, â€Å"[The] wife grabbed Chocolate Thunder and used it like a drumstick to pound her hand drum. [She] sang the most beautiful song anybody ever heard. Chocolate Thunder sang with her and turned the whole thing into a healing duet† (p. 100). The European American twist is the vibrating, phallic dildo. It is comically used as some sort of a â€Å"magic healing stick† that is part of Native American customs. As a result, Chocolate Thunder, the sexual toy in question, is placed over the son’s crib once the son recovers. This playful European American theme is a key part of an intense Spokane Indian healing ritual that is seemingly as powerful as contemporary technology and medicine. Basically, Chocolate Thunder is more than just a dildo. Because†¦show more content†¦Simply putThere is not only one way to view anything, perspectives define our world as more than what it seems. In addition, Alexie broadens the scale of challenging assumptions by shiftin g his focus to customs represented by all types of humans. In â€Å"Can I Get a Witness,† Alexie attempts to eliminate assumptions regarding human identity with even powerful features such as emotion and innocence during compelling scenes of terror. In the shadows following the aftermath of the coffee shop explosion, Alexie describes those involved in the terrorist attack by their exterior. â€Å"A little black girl and a little white boy hugged each other in the back of an ambulance. Wearing a soldier’s combat bucket hat, a homeless black man sang ‘The Star Spangled Banner.’ A white man in a tattered gray suit wept over the mutilated body of another white man wearing another tattered gray suit† (p.73). Along with including the races of the people that have been shocked by the accident, Alexie exposes visceral traits that all humans represent: love, passion, and sorrow. 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The Impact of Self-Management Leadership on Organizational Creativity

Essays on The Impact of Self-Management Leadership on Organizational Creativity by John Politis Article ï » ¿ The complexity of modern business can be best attributed to the revolutionary changes occurred during the last century notably since the emergence of globalization and industrialization. In order to vie with the emerging market contingencies reasonable changes are inevitable with regard to an organization’s internal and external environments. It is not only the matter what the proposed changes are, but the mode of strategic implementation play a crucial role in the success of a venture. The given article- ‘The impact of self- management leadership on organisational creativity’ is the project work of John D. Politis. The article scientifically experiments the correlation between self management leadership and creativity factors. It clearly illustrates that a management without effective leadership quality and participative approach cannot confront with the vehemence of the modern high-tech competition. His arguments have been supported by his experiments bas ed on statistical method of fact finding. According to him, a management without innovative notions and well developed structure cannot par with the excellence required for the modern market trends. The following part includes the critical summary of his findings along with the similar perceptions found in some other volumes. How become more creative? Although business firms understand the essential of employees’ creativity, the tough task lies in this transition process. Politis states that management must employ an effective supervisory inspiration in order to motivate the employees to be more creative in their performance. An aggressive supervisor would little succeed with forming a creative workforce. In contrast, if a manager or a supervisor successfully maintains interpersonal relationship with his employees he would best make use of their potential. The manager must also be a role-model for his employees by demonstrating extraordinary level of quality in work performance. Politis also describes the importance of providing innovative job chances to employees (2). He argues that as a leadership tactic, employees can be given opportunity to be innovative in their own way so as to outsmart their co-workers in work performance. In addition to reducing employees’ workload manager must ensure workers feasibility to a ccess adequate resources such as technical knowledge and effective advice. The correlation between mental state and work performance is a trivial subject for research today as they have been emphasized by many of the organizational experts in their promotional experiments of employees’ creativity (Rego, Machado, Leal Cunha). The essential focus of every promotional theory goes toward the quality of work environment which can ensure workers’ mood consistency. It involves an employee’s scope of getting maximum support from seniors as well as from co-workers in his pursuit to achieve creativity. Obviously the introduction of modern technical facilities has been proven successful as they assist employees to dispose their duties rapidly and efficiently. Politis strongly recommends that employees will be more active if they are provided the opportunity to share their innovative concepts with management officials and with co-workers (2). Group assignment would promote integration of various departments and thereby employees’ self management aptitude and organizational cohesion. Organizations should try to ensure employees’ participation while taking important strategic decisions. Moreover managers must pay genuine concern even to employees’ small achievements which will add to their enthusiasm. Reward system becomes an important area of concern at this context with regard to employee motivation. For instance, management can initiate incentives or awards to promote employees with creative ideas or outstanding work performance. Why should make employees creative? The survival of an organization today heavily depends on its flexibility to adjust with new market trends. In the view of Politis, the flexibility of a firm is almost based on the innovative ideologies of its employees to create the situation which fits with frequent market fluctuations (1). For instance, assume that Nokia Cell Phone Company introduces a handset with 10 mega pixel camera and 25 GB internal memory support. In this situation, Sony Ericsson-the competing company must develop some handsets with more attractive features in order to retain its market. The opinion of Penttila would be appropriate to quote here; â€Å"Creative people are driven by exciting work more than by a paycheck, and they need to express themselves through their work† (Penttila, 2003). The creative employees engage in their work more emotionally which aids the firms to have diversified product lines. Similarly, an organization can minimize its operational costs if the employees are creative beca use their creativity helps the organization to avoid the costs of consultancy services. In case of creative employees, wastage will be at minimum rate so that cost of production can be minimized. In short, creative, self-managed employees are valuable assets of an organization since they retain the market stature of the company. To what extent a leader can motivate employees? The article tends to convey the notion that self-management leadership stimulates the inherent abilities of the employees through a variety of techniques. According to Politis, managers or supervisors can encourage and motivate the employee to be more creative until the exertion of motivation cause to alienate their innovative attitudes. In addition to this, the over work load may weaken the efficiency of employee performance and it adversely affects the business operations of the firm (Mcshane Glinow, 81). The article precisely opines that a leader with hierarchical ideologies cannot successfully implement self-management programs since he follows an orthodox concept. The leader must also understand the maximum capacity of a worker beyond which he/she is not to be forced. Self-management leadership and elements of creativity In the opinion of Politis, self-management leadership encourages various individual factors such as ‘self-observation, self-goal setting, self-reinforcement, self-expectation, rehearsal, and self-criticism’. In addition to encouraging these six factors, the self-management leadership also stimulates the positive factors of the creativity such as ‘freedom, sufficient resources, and challenging work’. In other words, leaders stimulate various inspirational factors of the employees and also provide favorable working environment to make use of employees’ creativity. The leaders engage in these two activities with the intention of coordinating the phenomenon of idea generation with process of idea implementation. From the hypothesis testing of Politis, the obtained results reflected some moderate positive correlations between self-management leadership factors and stimulant elements of creativity. On the other hand, the results showed non-significant or ze ro correlations between self-management leadership factors and negative stimulants of creativity (10). Even though leaders try to bring the best results from employees through encouragement and inspiration, sometimes they do not get the desired results due to stimulation of negative elements of creativity. Negative stimulation occurs when the leaders exert over workload on employees. Impact of self-management leadership on organizational structure We discussed the experimental results of Politis from his hypothesis testing. The leaders who encourage the employees’ self management leadership factors get good results since this activity promotes positive elements of creativity. The stimulation of positive work dimensions creates a creative atmosphere in the organization. His findings also suggest that a participative and self-leadership style enable the management to mould employees with creative concepts. The results also points out that the stimulation of some obstacle factors impedes the creative activities of the organization. In the words of Politis, excessive workload pressure, internal strife, conservatism, and rigid, formal management structure are the main obstacle factors. The effective leadership can stimulate the positive ingredients of creativity very well and thereby a working environment with positive strength. Politis’s hypothesis testing illustrates the correlation between self- management behavior and components of creativity. He got positive correlations between self-management factors and stimulant elements of creativity whereas non-significant or zero correlations existed between self-management leadership factors and obstacle elements of creativity. In short, the idea it conveys is that a leader’s approach makes his employees creative or mechanical. Works Cited Grant, Ken (Ed). Fourth European conference on management, leadership and governance. UK: Academic Conferences Limited, 2008, Print. Hughes, Jason, Seow, Christopher. Workplace Learning. Emerald Group Publishing, 2005. Print. Mcshane, Steven L. Glinow, Mary Ann Von. Organizational Behavior: Essentials, New York:Tata McGraw-Hill, 2007, Print. Politis, John D. ‘The impact of Self-management leadership on organizational creativity’. Higher College of Technology. United Arab Emirates. Penttila, Chris. â€Å"An art in itself: managing your creative employees can be a challenge, but doing it well is crucial to your business†, bnet Business Publications. Dec, 2003. Web 7 Dec 2010 Rego, Armenio. Machado, Fernanda. Leal, Susana Cunha, Miguel Pina e. â€Å"Are hope full employee more creative?An emprical Study†. Academic papers.org. n.d. Web 6 Dec 2010

President Nixons International and Domestic Challenges free essay sample

He said that it was time for a new leadership for the United States of America, and that new leadership was him. Nixon won in a very close election against Hubert Humphrey and promised to restore law and order to the nations cities. What everyone didnt know was that for him to achieve his future accomplishments, he would destroy the nations trust. A positive international challenge that Nixon was involved in was seeking better relations with China. Early in his first term, Nixon and his adviser, Henry Kissing, began sending subtle proposals hinting at warmer relations to the Peoples Republic f Chinas government.When both countries hinted at this, Kissing flew on secret diplomatic missions to Beijing and in July 1971, the President announced that he would visit the PRE the following year. This confused most Americans at the time because they believed that all communists countries were evil. When Nixon flew to China in February and he met with Mao Sedona. Onions visit included a vast shift in the Cold War balance. Putting the U. S. And China against the Soviet Union. Several months later, Nixon traveled to the U. S. S. R. And met with Leonie Brethren and other Soviet leaders.The result this trip was the signing of the Naturalistic Missile Treaty of 1972, The treaty restricted the number of Cubic each nation could manufacture and stockpile and it was part of SALT (Strategic Arms Limitations Talks). Onions visits to China was a triumph because it contained the Soviet Union from expanding and gaining power _ His visit to the was a diplomatic accomplishment because it improved relations with them. Nixon faced many international disputes during his presidency and some of them, he responded to negatively. Throughout the Vietnam War, President Nixon had sent a utter to President Ho Chi Mini stating that he believes the war has gone on to long and it needs to stop(Doc B). When the letter didnt work, the biggest international challenge for Nixon was how to end the Vietnam War. Nixon and Kissing both had a belief that they could end the war in six months, but they were proved wrong. In 1968, the same year Nixon was elected, there had been two huge events of the the burden of the Vietnam War and he asked the American citizens for their support(Doc D).Two months into his presidency, Nixon realized that there seemed to be no end in sight to the war. In 1969, Nixon ordered the secret bombing of Cambodia. The targets of these attacks were sanctuaries and base areas of the Peoples Army of Vietnam and forces of the Viet Gong, which used them for resurvey, training, and resting between campaigns across the border in the Republic of Vietnam. Onions purpose for the bombing raid was because the first had been unsuccessful. The purpose of the secrecy was to protect Shannon. The way Nixon responded with the secret bombing was negative.He never told America or the Congress about it and that led to the distrust of the American citizens. Environmental concerns were a challenge but Nixon responded to them positively. In Onions presidency, he started out opposing environmental laws. But then he realized that protecting the environment was popular and he saw it as a politically beneficial area. By the time of his resignation, he created more laws than any other president before him. In early 1970, President Nixon signed the legislation that became the National Environmental Policy Act. He announced it was the first symbolic act of the environmental decade. Between the years of 1970 and 1972, Nixon created the Environmental Protection Agency and signed laws including the Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, and the Marine Mammal Protection Act. Another thing he did was sign executive orders and international agreements on environmental issues. In early 1973, an international conference was held to discuss endangered species. The product of the conference was the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. The U. S. Needed a new legislation to meet some of the agreements provisions and it led to the Endangered Species Act.In Onions State of the Union speech in 1973, he called for stronger wildlife protection. The results of these environmental laws and international agreements made the public extremely happy. Even though Onions intentions were selfish when he got involved in environmental concerns, he responded unquestionably positive. All his hard work helped pave the way for a cleaner society. In 1973, an oil crisis began when the members of the OPEC (consisting of the Arab members of OPEC, plus Egypt, Syria and Tunisia) proclaimed an oil embargo in response to the United States decision to resurvey the Israeli military during the Yon Kipper War.The embargo happened when 85% of American workers had to drive to work every day. President Nixon had to set the course of voluntary rationing. He reposed an extension of daylight savings time, had gas stations hold their sales to a Max of ten gallons per customer and a maximum speed limit of 50 miles per hour, and asked companies to trim down work hours(Doc H). The price at the pump rose from 30 cents a gallon to $1. 20(Doc C). Nixon also had Congress approve off Trans- Alaskan oil pipeline. Nixon responded to the recession the best way possible.The embargo was lifted on March 18, 1974. The downfall of Nixon was his worst domestic challenge. America found out about his scandals and it led to his resignation as president. The Watergate Scandal starts hen Nixon won the 1968 election, one of the closest elections in U. S. History. In 1970, Nixon approves a plan for a greatly expanding domestic intelligence gathering revokes his approval. Then in June of 1971, New York Times begins publishing the Pentagon Papers. The Pentagon Papers is about the Defense Departments secret history of the Vietnam War.In September of the same year, the White House plumbers unit burglarizes a psychiatrists office to find files on the former defense analyst who leaked the Pentagon Papers, Daniel Algebra. The White House plumbers unit got their name from their orders to plug leaks in the administration. The year of 1972 is a busy year. On June 17, five men were arrested trying to bug the Democrats offices at the Watergate hotel. The Washington Post reported many things that year. One was that a $25,000 check wound up in the bank account of a Watergate burglar.Another was that John Mitchell controlled a secret Republican fund used to finance widespread intelligence-gathering operations against Democrats. Nixon was reelected president in one of the largest landslides in U. S. History in 1972 against George McGovern. His inaugural address said that since he was elected in 1968, America has been better(Doc F). But the truth was, that in 1973, Nixon was turning out to be anything but great. In the beginning of 1973, former Nixon aides G. Gordon Lid and James W. McCormick. , convicted of wiretapping in the Watergate incident. Then, H.R. Hellman and John Reliance, and Attorney General Richard Slinkiest all resigned over the scandal. John Dean, a White House counsel, was fired. In May, Elliot Richardson taps Archibald Cox as the Justice Departments special prosecutor for Watergate. Later, in June, John Dean tells the Watergate investigators that he discussed the Watergate cover-up with Nixon at least 35 times and the Washington Post reports it. In July, Alexander Butterflies revealed in his congressional testimony that since 1971, President Nixon had recorded all conversations in his office.When the Senate asked Nixon for the tapes, he refused. On the Saturday Night Massacre, Nixon fired Archibald Cox and Elliot Richardson and William D. Recklessness resigned. When Nixon reluctantly agreed to hand over the tape, there was an 18 minute gap. Nixon kept giving them pieces of the tape when they asked for them(Doc G). He never Just handed over all the tapes. The Supreme Court ruled that Nixon must turn over the tape recordings. In 1974, the Washington Post reported that the inevitable was nearing(Doc l).

Short Story Writing for Qualitative Inquiry- MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theShort Story Writingfor Qualitative Inquiry. Answer: Short story on as a white slave in the New York City As usual in the early morning, I have just started out not with the individuals who are in the search of enjoyment or to get entertained, but with the people who work for the whole day long for making their livelihood. Almost all age group people have been rushing in which girls of all age groups were there and there were the appearance and the hurrying of all the men and with whom I have gone along and combined with them as one in the crowd. Firstly, I use to wonder often at the stories of the poor payment and the type of cruel treatment that the working girls are going through (Giddings, 1985). For knowing the actual truth, there was only one way and I had the determination of trying it. So I myself have become the sales girl in the paper box factory. As per that I started to search for the work without having any kind of experience, or referrals or assistance (Berzon, 1978). The search for the job was really turned out to be tiresome at the least. The encounters were very discouraging and at the most infuriating. I have visited numerous factories that are located in and around the places of Bleecker and Grand Streets and the Sixth Avenue. At these places, the number of workers was found to be in the hundreds. The foremost question at the workplace that is posed by everyone is that do you have any experience on how to carry out the work. When the reply given by me was no I dont know how to do the work no further attention was paid by them to me. I urged stating, that Im ready to work with no payment until the time I get to learn the complete work. One of them stated that why would you work nothing! Why, if you had paid us for coming then we will not have you in the way of ours (March-Russell, 2016). The other answer was that an establishment is not run here for training the women in their job skills. This kind of response was received for me please to the work. Well, nobody is born with their own knowledge of work, so how can anybody learn without training? I asked (Burrows Wallace, 1998). They said that, the girls will anyways have some of the friends who want to learn. If at all if she is wishing to lose her time and money by taking training classes for her, then we dont have any kind of objection, because for us to get the work done the beginners will not do anything. But without any influence, it is not easy to get the entry into the bigger factories; so at last, I limited to give a try to the smaller ones at Elm Street No.196. It is because at the various other factories I have met the quite differently mean and the rough persons, but the man in this place was very polite. If you have not done this kind of work, then I dont think that you will like this work, he said. It is a very murky work and a girl should spend many years at this work before she can make a good amount of money. The beginners in our place are girls of 16 years of age and they wont get paid for even two weeks after they join here. What amount they can make later? The week work is sometimes started for them with the payment of dollars 1.0 per week. When they completely become capable, they will opt for the part-time work for which they will be paid in hundreds. I asked how much money is earned by them? A competent worker will be earning from the range of $ 5 to $ 9 per week. How many girls are working here? In the workplace, there are around 60 in number and some of them take the work to their home. It has been only a few months that I have come into this business said by that person, but if you think you are capable enough to give a try I will speak to my companion. He even had the few girls of 11 years of age. You can have the seat till I find him (Harris, 2017). He went outside to the office soon I have heard him talking about me to his partner outside, and rather he was pointing a view of giving a chance to me. Soon he returned to me with a short man who had the German accent. Without speaking anything he stood beside me, so I had to repeat my request to him. He then said, Well, at the desk you can give your name to the gentleman and return back on Monday morning, and then lets see what we can do for you (Culp, 1992). So the day has come and I started to the place in the early morning. I had worn a calico dress so that it will be suiting for the trade that is chosen by me and to work comfortably. A bundle was nicely packed covering it with the brown paper by keeping a dark spot on its center was my lunch. Every working girl used to carry the lunch as per my idea and in doing so I was trying hard to show up the impression as if Im very much used to such things. Certainly, I measured the lunch as the reflection of my thoughts on my new role and judged it with some pride, upon which it was mixed with the feeling of disappointment as the grease spot in the center was increasing in size gradually. As it was the timing I could notice all the girls were at work. I entered the office through the small wagon yard, which was the only entrance for the office. After giving many of my excuses to the person at the desk, he called one of the girls who was pretty and had the apron which was full of pasteboard and stated: Can you take this girl to Norah? The girl asked whether I was to work on boxes or the profusions. Inform Norah to put this girl on boxes. (Bates, 1972) I had followed my guide where I had to climb the darkest, most perpendicular, and the narrow staircase which I considered to be my bad luck to see all these. We were going on and on by passing through the small rooms which are totally filled with the young working girls till the last floor that is it was around the 4th or 5th floor where I had reached (Davis, 2006). By the time I reached there I was breathless. The pretty little guide informed Norah that this lady is to be put on boxes (Gu, 2017). All the girls who were working there by surrounding the long tables had instantly turned out towards me curiously. The girl Norah, who was in the boxes was with auburn hairstyle has turned towards me and replied: Look, if the gateway is down, and then show to her where the clothes are to be kept. Then the women out there gave an order to one of the girls to get a stool for her, and she has sat down in front of the table, upon which there was a bundle of pasteboard squares were kept which was labeled in the middle. Some long slips of the paper were spread on the table by Norah (White, 2012). Then a scrub brush was taken by her, which she dipped into the bucket consisting of paste and then dapped it onto the paper. Then one of the square boards of paper was taken by her and placed upon it by rubbing her thumb at the edges. Then one of the paper slip was taken by her and quickly kept it neatly over the corner with which she has bonded them together by holding them at one place. The extra paper which was hanging from the box was cut by her from all the corners. This at the end turned out to be a box lid. It looked like an easy process and in some time I was in a position to make one of such kind (Hanson, 2015). I did not find any difficulty in learning the work, but was rather displeasing. It is because the room was not properly ventilated and the stickiness of the paste and the glue all over the place was quite unpleasant (Young, 2015). Except for the girl who sat beside me, I was not in a position to see any other girl as it was not possible to have the conversation because of the piles of the boxes all over the table. A girl named Therese sat beside me. At first, she felt shy but as I went on asking questions she started getting comfortable and became more communicative (Streeby, 2002). I introduced myself saying that I stay with my parents on Eldrige Street and mother is sick most of the time and my father is a musician, but he will not play it on the streets but occasionally gets an assignment. My sister works in the passementerie where she earns up to 3 dollars to 5 dollars per week. Another sister of mine was doing the spooling of silk from five years on Twenty-Third Street. She earns 6 dollars per week. As she reaches home by night all her hair, face and hands will be colored with silk as she will be working with that all day long. This will make her sick so she will be taking medicine all the time (Shaw, 2014). Have you ever worked previously? I answered yes, as I used to work on Spring Street as passementerie. I used to work from 7 in the morning till 6 in the evening and use to earn 3.50 dollars per week. I had to leave due to the unkindness of the bosses and the major problem was there were only 3 small oil lamps at the workplace. The rooms used to be very dark, but they did not allow us to light the gas anytime. The women at the place used to come and take the work to home to do. I asked surprisingly, What else did you do after you left from there? Later I used to go to work on the Canal Street in Fringe factory. A woman used to run it and she was very unkind to all the girls and she does not know English. For a whole week she used to pay in between 8 to 6 dollars by giving only half an hour for dinner and at the end, she paid only 35 cents to me. Dont you know that how can a girl live with just 35 cents per week, so I had to leave? (Soderlund, 2002). Then I asked how the box factory is? Well, here the bosses appear to be kind. They wish me every morning, which I have never noticed at any working place and the good thing is that they have given a poor girl a good deal to work for two weeks for nothing. It has almost been two weeks Im working here and a great deal of work was done by me. The bosses have gained from my work. They even say that they will take off the girl after two weeks of her work by saying that she does not suit for the work. Later Im getting 1.50 dollar per week now. From the surrounding factories the whistles will blow in the 12 noon, then we can quit from our work and have lunch (Ellis, 2000). The girls in the workplace seem to be very happy. During the day while working they would enjoy the work by singing (Oliver Shapiro, 2006). The song will start on the second floor probably will be reaching each and every floor as it is taken as the succession till the time all wont sing the song. All the girls in the workplace are kind to each other. Even if they had quarrels, it would not last for a longer period of time. All were very good to me and would help me in my work to make it easy and pleasant. When I was able to make the entire box I felt very proud. Reflection The story which I have written, the theme is all about the working girls, those will be facing various kinds of problems and how do they struggle to make their livelihood. Coming to plot of my story, it is about a girl who would like to support her family by working and earning some money. She comes from a very poor background with a family consisting of a mother, father, and two sisters. She struggled a lot in getting a job and finally could succeed in grabbing the job at the paper box factory (McManus, 2001). All the girls who were accompanying her seem to be kind and were helping her to get the work and the workplace was made very pleasant with their active singing environment so that the stress wont be seen in them. What impress me about is that when she first decided to work she started her job search in the bigger factories which did not respond to her properly. (Gordon Kuehner, 1999). Rather, they would criticize her for not knowing the work. After making many searches she had then decided to even work for no salary for some period of time till she gets the work completely. But no individual or the workplace was agreeing to that scenario. Then she was in a dilemma that nobody will be born with all the work known to them by birth (Pratt, 1981). Only if given a chance then they can achieve to do so and can develop the skills to become competent. At the end, she made a decision that she would go to the job search at small level factories. Well up to this I have explained about long struggle and coming after this part. Here I have explained how she approached one place where she could meet a polite person, unlike at other workplaces and got all the details of the workplace and said that he can offer the work at that place after talking to my partner if she was ok with the conditions of the workplace. As it would not be that great and girls are facing difficulties were starting they cant earn much but later on, they can make to a good amount. For reaching to that much it would take a lot of time. But in spite of that, she was happy for the job so he spoke to his partner and asked her to leave the details with the person at the desk and get back to the place on Monday (Gilfoyle, 1994). One fine day she visited the place with a lunch box to show her dedicated interest towards the work and she was introduced to Norah by another girl in the workplace and she was given work on boxes. The work was taught to her by another woman as it was quite simple and easy to do. Then she got a very good friend named Therese, who helped her in knowing the place and the work culture and how to work easily. Later she was able to get the things, in no time and could make one entire box on her own. By this, she has achieved the goal of knowing the difficulties at workplace. I have tried to write a story which will motivate many other girls and its the other way to say not to give up because life goes on. References Bates, H. E. (1972). The modern short story: a critical survey. Writer. Berzon, J.R., (1978). Neither White Nor Black. The Mulatto Character in American Fiction. New York: New York UP, p.20. Burrows, E.G. and Wallace, M., (1998). Gotham: a history of New York City to 1898. Oxford University Press. Culp, J.M., (1992). Posner on Duncan Kennedy and Racial Difference: White Authority in the Legal Academy. Duke Law Journal, 41(5), pp.1095-1114. Davis, M. (2006). City of Quartz: Excavating the Future in Los Angeles (New Edition). Verso Books. Ellis, C. (2000). Creating criteria: An ethnographic short story. Qualitative Inquiry, 6(2), 273-277. Giddings, P., (1985). When and where I enter. Bantam Books. Gilfoyle, T.J., (1994). City of Eros: New York City, prostitution, and the commercialization of sex, 1790-1920. WW Norton Company. Gordon, J. B., Kuehner, K. (1999). Fiction: the elements of the short story. National Textbook Company. Gu, Y. (2017). Introduction: Several Aspects of Current Short Story CriticismInfluence, Gender and Genre. Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences, 10(1), 1-3. Hanson, C. (2015). Postscript: British Womens Short Story Writing. British Women Short Story Writers, 193. Harris, T. (2017). The power of the short story. Access, 31(1), 4. McManus, E.J., (2001). A history of Negro slavery in New York. Syracuse University Press. March-Russell, P., (2016). Writing and Publishing the Short Story. Oliver, M. L., Shapiro, T. M. (2006). Black wealth, white wealth: A new perspective on racial inequality. Taylor Francis. Pratt, M. L. (1981). The short story: The long and the short of it. Poetics, 10(2-3), 175-194. Shaw, V. (2014). The short story: a critical introduction. Routledge. Soderlund, G., (2002). Covering urban vice: the New York Times," white slavery," and the construction of journalistic knowledge. Critical Studies in Media Communication, 19(4), pp.438-460. Streeby, S., (2002). American sensations: class, empire, and the production of popular culture (Vol. 9). Univ of California Press. White, S., (2012). Somewhat More Independent: The End of Slavery in New York City, 1770-1810. University of Georgia Press. Young, E. (2015). British Women Short Story Writers. Edinburgh University Press.