Free Persuasive Essay about Sports and Gender

The Relationship between Female Coaches and Male Athletes The Abstract to a Persuasive Essay about Sports The research was conducted with the mission of identifying the causes, effects, and outcomes of female coaches and athletes relationships. The relationship between coaches and athletes is highly legalized. However, there are limits that these relationships should not cross. Any sexual relationship between coaches and their athletes is not legalized and may affect the performance of the team. The relationship between coaches and their athletes should be strictly professional.

The Pleasures and Perils of Passing - Literature Essay Samples

In her novel Passing, published in 1929, Nella Larsen delves into the identity struggle experienced by some African Americans who possess the same outward appearance as Whites. Clare Kendry, a protagonist in the novel, permanently crosses the boundaries of the color line in order to escape confinement and gain White privilege. I argue that Passing provides a critique of racial passing and of the arbitrary and deceptive construction of one’s race. Through an investigation of whether or not Clare Kendry’s African American heritage is an escapable aspect of her human nature, it becomes evident that Clare’s feigned way of life in which she conducts herself as a White member of society ultimately results in her personal destruction as symbolized through her tragic death. After experiencing a childhood characterized by poverty and a lack of security, Clare yearns for a more luxurious life. Following her father’s death at age fifteen, Clare lives with her racist White aunts who require her to fulfill the domestic duties of the household, reinforcing society’s perception of her position in the inferior race. Clare explains her motivation to escape this inhibiting atmosphere when she comments, â€Å"I was determined to get away, to be a person and not a charity or a problem. Then, too, I wanted things† (Larsen 27). Given that there was â€Å"nothing sacrificial in Clare Kendry’s idea of life, no allegiance beyond her own immediate desire,† not even the perilous act of passing dissuades her from satisfying her longings (Larsen 10). As Peggy McIntosh asserts, â€Å"White privilege [is seen] as an invisible package of unearned assets which can [be] cashed in each day, but about which [people] remain oblivious. White privi lege is like an invisible weightless knapsack of special provisions, maps, passports, codebooks, visas, clothes, tools and blank checks† (165). It is these automatic benefits and advantages that members of the White race experience on a daily basis that drives Clare to pass. By concealing her racial identity through her deceptive outward appearance, Clare marries John Bellew, an upper class White doctor, and assumes a new racial identification. Ironically, John endearingly refers to his wife as â€Å"Nig† and feels comfortable using the term only because of his belief in the impossibility of having a Black family member. Clare’s instantaneous leap up the social class ladder into the top rank of society successfully resolves her motives for passing. Significantly contrasting with her impoverished upbringing, her affluent life now revolves around indulgences such as an extensive wardrobe and frequent travel. Clare’s continued existence is predicated upon her preserving her artificial identity. Ultimately, Clare’s life of riches and White privilege enabled by the faà §ade of her â€Å"ivory mask,† interrupts life’s natural order, resulting in a sense of instability (Larsen 24). Despite Clare permanently crossing the color line, she does maintain a sense of belonging within the African American race rather than a complete rejection of her racial heritage. While Clare passes for the purpose of securing the â€Å"conditions of daily [White] experience,† enabling privileges such as mobility, flexibility, and dominance, she retains a connection and predilection for her own people (McIntosh 166). Her frequent and dangerous trips to Harlem, hidden from her husband, exemplify the uneasiness she faces as an outsider in the White community. Clare’s African-American friend, Irene Redfield, voices her concerns to Clare about these regular visits and the relationships she has maintained with Black people. Though Clare recognizes her self-induced endangerment, her response, â€Å"I’ve been so lonely! You can’t know. Not close to a single soul. Never anyone to really talk to,† exhibits her heedlessness and aching to reconnect with Africa n-Americans (Larsen 67). Unfortunately, she is incapable of maintaining her White privilege and affluence while also reintegrating herself in the lives of her people. Her attendance at the Negro Welfare League dance, the anger elicited in her by racist references, and her assertion, â€Å"I want to see Negroes, to be with them again, to talk, to hear them laugh† all manifest Clare’s yearning to submerge herself in the Black community (Larsen 71). Because Clare’s priorities rest in occupying a position of ascendancy within society, however, she recognizes the necessary sacrifices she must make in other aspects of her life. For example, she says that Bellew prevents her from fulfilling many of her desires and that she could kill him (Larsen 71). Pursuing â€Å"unearned advantage and conferred dominance† over her heritage eventually results in Clare’s downfall (McIntosh 168). Clare can never fully assimilate into the White race, regardless of her actions or appearance. Her recognition that her White racial identity could be completely nullified through her offspring provokes immense distress in Clare when she learns that she is bearing a child. Her comment, â€Å"I nearly died of terror the whole nine months before Margery was born for fear that she might be dark,† accompanied by her subsequent avowal that she would never jeopardize her societal position again through another pregnancy, reveals her trepidation (Larsen 36). She recognizes the fragility of her current position, as demonstrated through her remark, â€Å"It’s only deserters like me who have to be afraid of freaks of the nature† (Larsen 37). Fortunately for both the childs welfare and the familys cohesiveness, Clare’s daughter appears light-skinned. For fear of disclosing her true racial identity and reverting back to her old way of life, Clare resolves to eliminate all occasions for biological proof which could expose all the deceptions of her fabrications in order to safeguard her position in the superior race where â€Å"many doors open for people through no virtues of their own† (McIntosh 166). As Clare continues to lead a duplicitous life, the personal consequences she suffers from assuming a new racial identity are quite evident. Clare’s comment to Irene, â€Å"it may be, ‘Rene dear, it may just be, that, after all, your way may be the wiser and infinitely happier one† provides the grounds to support the idea that opulence and happiness often fail to correlate (Larsen 47). Sadly, Clare recognizes that the abandonment of her community inevitably led to the resignation of her personal well-being. She manifests this realization to a friend when she pronounces that â€Å"you’re free. You’re happy. And safe†Ã¢â‚¬â€none of which were characteristics she could utilize when describing herself (Larsen 67). As previously mentioned, Clare longs to be with Black people. No matter the pretense she holds, her ancestral past draws her back to Harlem frequently, where she can drop her guard, her life is not fabricated, and her interactions occur naturally. Clare imposes upon herself her alienation from the African-American community and her dissatisfaction associated with being a member of the White race. As a breaking point is reached, Larsen employs the metaphor of passing to indicate not only Clare crossing the color line but also to mean approaching her death and subsequent liberation from her manufactured identity. Clares downfall lends itself to various interpretations, although much evidence exists that Irene murders Clare by pushing her out of the window. Clare poses a major threat to Irene’s way of life. Irene is motivated by her need for the security of keeping her family intact, her jealousy of Clare, and her suspicion of an adulterous relationship between Clare and Bellew. Several instances occur where Irene demonstrates premeditation for killing Clare such as when she has â€Å"a thought which she tried to drive away. If Clare should die! Then—Oh, it was vile! To think, yes, to wish that!† (Larsen 101). Irene mulls over the possibility of kililng Clare and ultimately decides that her life cannot go on as desired until Clare is gone. By interpreting her death as murder, Larsen makes a powerful statement about one’s self-defined social and economic goals. Clare faces extreme repercussions for her pursuit of the â€Å"freedom of confident action,† with th e worst being her personal demise (McIntosh 169). Her death can also be considered a moral judgment on shaping a life because of pursuit of economic wealth. Her luxurious life, predicated on false beliefs and pretenses, could not be maintained. Regardless of the cause of Clare’s death, Larsen clearly reveals the personal destruction that materializes from racial passing. Because crossing the boundaries of the color line requires the renunciation of one’s community, the contrived existence inevitably becomes miserable. One’s biological make-up is firmly rooted in his or her kindred of centuries before and is an enduring characteristic of identity. While Clare’s light-colored skin permits her to pass, her identity struggle between the White and Black communities prevents her from successfully achieving permanent integration within the â€Å"superior† race and ultimately ends in her ruin. Her shocking and sudden expiry exposes the consequences of the deceptive construction of one’s race, or living a life of misrepresentation and the desertion of all that is familiar, in pursuit of gaining white privilege.    Works Cited Larsen, Nella. Passing. New York: Penguin Group, 2003. McIntosh, Peggy. White privilege: Unpacking the invisible knapsack. Race, class, and gender in the United States: An integrated study 4 (1988): 165-169.

Ethical And Ethical Theories Of Ethics - 1103 Words

Ethical Analogy Opinions lead our society. Everyone is entitled to their reasoning and how strongly they feel that their approach to life is the right way. Moral beliefs are the stone foundation behind the way people think and their ethics. Look at morals as code of conduct. Each society has its own moral beliefs but come to an understanding that everyone’s entitled is clear. It’s a rule that’s not writing as a law but more so the common way. The act of a person behavior all falls into their ethical belief. Different people causes for different responds to a situation. Furthermore ethics’ is a way to solidify the difference between good, bad or wrong and right. Morally and ethically there is a wrong and right way to every issues we face however, no one can truly say what is right the proper behavioral response due to emotions that move us. One approach used to helping with ethics is Utilitarism. It is described as the means to an end. Created by John Stuar t Mill and Jeremy Bentham, this theory tries to answer moral questions with emotion of one and religion. The outcome is for the greater good of all or the most people. It’s the idea of putting other before you. The moral good is defined as the greatest happiness for the most amounts and the immoral would be the less good for the least amount. Kantian another theory that is very opposite of, Utilitarism means to end. It’s the law of not satisfying one’s own needs, created by Immanuel Kant. The two questions used asShow MoreRelatedThe Ethical Theory Of Ethics898 Words   |  4 Pages Ethics also known as moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that involves the classification, defense and endorsement of concepts of right and wrong actions that govern an individual’s behavior. Based on the â€Å"Billy and Suzy† scenario from a utilitarian ethical perspective, I would choose to follow Billy to ensure that nothing transpires between him and the lady he left the bar with. The best action to take would be to follow him and ensure that he does not leave for the night with the lady.Read MoreEthics And The Ethical Theory894 Words   |  4 PagesThe term ethics are described as a set of moral process by an individual; these morals need to be used as a principle to determine what is right and wrong when making a decision, especially in business when one ethical behavior can cause a company millions of dollars in lawsuits. Furthermore, two major ethics attempt to identify rules and principles. Kantianism in the workplace is the ethical theory that refers to the obligation to perform moral duties to oneself as well as other individuals. ThisRead MoreThe Ethical Theories Of The Ethics987 Words   |  4 Pagesmajor ethical theories the ones that were focused on in the video were deontological and utilitarian. The deontological theory is the sense of obligation, that someone feels that it their morally duty to do the right thing. The utilitarian theory is that people act and behave so that they will produce happiness for the greatest number of people. These two different ethical theories are ways that people behave and think is morally correct. In the video the professor talked about the two ethical theoriesRead MoreEthics And Ethical Theories Of Ethics956 Words   |  4 Pagesthat were similar had different ethics. It wasn’t until I joined the military that I actually associated my actions and decisions to being ethical or unethical. I believe that society makes the right decisions on things, even when the decision doesn’t benefit them. Through experience, I learned that this is not always the case. I saw people act selfish and even identified my own flaws when faced with ethical situations. These experiences have shown me that ethics training is important and necessaryRead MoreThe Ethical Theory Of Ethics1958 Words   |  8 PagesEthics is the code of conduct that is widely known in this society. The ethical theory of Aristotle states that the good moral of human beings is as a result of the rational reasoning of human beings over what is wrong or right. He argued that whatever is thought to be good h as to be applied to everywhere. On the other side of the story, Immanuel Kant’s ethical theory states that the individual’s ethical morals are the result of the combination of the ability to reason rationally and the presenceRead MoreThe Ethical Theories Of Ethics2607 Words   |  11 Pages There are three ethical theories that are three different studies of how human beings ought to live. There three are deontology, utilitarianism and virtue ethics. Deontology is based on duties. It is theory that we are morally obligated to follow a certain set of rules. One of the most well known deontologists is Immanuel Kant. He came up with how we should morally live based on deontology. He believes that an action should not have any motives behind it; it should just be the moral obligationRead MoreThe Ethical Theory Of Ethics987 Words   |  4 Pagesshould she expose these actions and possibly compromise her career aspirations? In considering her case, I believe the best choice Jenny should make involves her exposing the corruption. I will argue for this position through the utilitarian theory of ethics. Before I argue for what Jenny should do, we should first look at the options available to her. Jenny could choose to ignore the obvious theft and misuse of public funds and property. Additionally, she could accept the nepotism displayed byRead MoreEthics : Ethics And Virtue Ethical Theory930 Words   |  4 PagesEthics are the standards and qualities an individual uses to administer his activities and choices. In an association, a code of ethics is an arrangement of rule that guide the association in its projects, approaches and choices for the business. The moral logic an association uses to lead business can influence the reputation, profitability and main concern of the business. Unethical behavior or an absence of corporate social obligation, by examination, may harm a company s reputation and makeRead MoreEthical Theories Of Normative Ethics1259 Words   |  6 PagesOver the last couple of weeks in Philosophy 103, we learned five theories concerning normative ethics: utilita rianism, duty ethics, virtue ethics, care ethics, and natural law ethics. While learning about those theories, I often thought about how the arguments for some theories included interesting ideas that I personally agreed with, but the methods of reasoning were somewhat lacking. Contrastingly, I encountered theories with arguments that were not thought-provoking ideas at first, but I becameRead MoreThe Ethical Theory Of Virtue Ethics1115 Words   |  5 Pagescriticisms of virtue ethics. First, virtue ethics is really complicated and multiple varieties of the theory of virtue ethics exist. Hence a single summary of VE cannot completely do justice to this theory and the complexity it encompasses. Second, as VE is attempted to be used on more specific cases and is tried to be made more concise, the theory tends to become more inaccurate. The article further suggests the needs for a more comprehensive and specific explanation of virtue ethics. Although there

Nathan Bedford Forrest in the Civil War

The Between European American Culture And Native American...

scene, â€Å"[The] wife grabbed Chocolate Thunder and used it like a drumstick to pound her hand drum. [She] sang the most beautiful song anybody ever heard. Chocolate Thunder sang with her and turned the whole thing into a healing duet† (p. 100). The European American twist is the vibrating, phallic dildo. It is comically used as some sort of a â€Å"magic healing stick† that is part of Native American customs. As a result, Chocolate Thunder, the sexual toy in question, is placed over the son’s crib once the son recovers. This playful European American theme is a key part of an intense Spokane Indian healing ritual that is seemingly as powerful as contemporary technology and medicine. Basically, Chocolate Thunder is more than just a dildo. Because†¦show more content†¦Simply putThere is not only one way to view anything, perspectives define our world as more than what it seems. In addition, Alexie broadens the scale of challenging assumptions by shiftin g his focus to customs represented by all types of humans. In â€Å"Can I Get a Witness,† Alexie attempts to eliminate assumptions regarding human identity with even powerful features such as emotion and innocence during compelling scenes of terror. In the shadows following the aftermath of the coffee shop explosion, Alexie describes those involved in the terrorist attack by their exterior. â€Å"A little black girl and a little white boy hugged each other in the back of an ambulance. Wearing a soldier’s combat bucket hat, a homeless black man sang ‘The Star Spangled Banner.’ A white man in a tattered gray suit wept over the mutilated body of another white man wearing another tattered gray suit† (p.73). Along with including the races of the people that have been shocked by the accident, Alexie exposes visceral traits that all humans represent: love, passion, and sorrow. He illustrates this thought by implying a critique through his word choice. â⠂¬Å"Veteran soldiers,† â€Å"homeless,† and â€Å"black† are three types of people that lack access to long-term support to better their lives. Even though he combines these three traits into one â€Å"homeless black man wearing a soldier’s combat hat,† the emphasis is placed on the singing of ‘The StarShow MoreRelatedNative Americans During The Colonization1473 Words   |  6 PagesNative Americans during 1785-1829 were affected by western expansion because of the removal of Native Americans from the land, white settlers attempting to assimilate Native Americans to their culture, and were involved in battles between the a Native Americans and white setters which led to the depleting number of Native Americans. Distorted perspectives of european settlers led them to view Native Americans as â€Å"uncivilized savages.†As the Renaissance reached its ending term Europeans saw theirRead MoreJackson s Resolution : The Indian Question1520 Words   |  7 PagesWhen European people began to settle in North America, one of the major issues they experienced was learning to coexist with the Native Americans. The Spanish conquistadors first sought to exploit the Native peoples. In contrast, the English settlers wanted to convert and civilize the Native people. Both conquers and settlers did not see a solution in allowing Native people to live as they had before the discovery of America. This was a major factor in the discourse between the Native Americans andRead MoreRelationship Between Europeans And American Indians1229 Words   |  5 Pagesrelationship between Europeans and American Indians. How did these groups eventually adapt to each other? Confine your answer to pre Columbian society to 1607. At the beginning of this time period, European settlers were attracted to the Americas in hopes of gaining land and spreading Christianity. Initially, the settlers established a friendly relationship with the natives, relying on them to learn skills like farming, hunting, and fishing, while the Indians traded with the Europeans for advancedRead MoreAmerindian Arguments and Actions Essay771 Words   |  4 Pages The Native American chronicle is one of treachery and death. These Indians lived lives of concord and prosperity for centuries. However, their reign terminated with the arrival of European settlers in the 15th century. The arising onslaught of foreign colonists is considered by some to be the initiation of the â€Å"American Holocaust† (Native American Genocide). The immigrants did not share customs or spiritual views with the Native people, so they attempted to annihilate the Native American populaceRead MoreLasting Effects of European Colonization on Native American Indians.1047 Words   |  5 Pageson North American Indians Since the Europeans set foot on North American soil in 1620,they have had a devastating effect on the native population. I will be discussing the long term effect of North American colonisation on the Native Americans, focusing on such issues as employment opportunities, the environment, culture and traditions, health, as well as social justice. I will begin with the important issue of employment opportunities. The unemployment rate for Native Americans is a staggeringRead MoreEarly Settlers and Native Americans1038 Words   |  5 PagesEarly Settlers and Native Americans The entire clash of two different cultures dates back all the way into the beginning of the early European arrival. All the different countries in Europe were all trying to find there own place in the new world by claiming the land for their country. The English were among one of the first Europeans to arrive in the new world; and establish the first permanent settlement called Jamestown. The English later extended their settlements along the Atlantic coast,Read MoreOverview of Several Distinct Cultures in United States681 Words   |  3 Pagesdistinct cultures that existed within the United States of America during the 18th century, particularly in the early part of this century (No author, 2010). Despite the fact that European colonialists had been attracted to this land in earnest since the 17th century, there were still many tribes of the regions native inhabitants, Native American Indians, that still populated the country. Of the many cultural differences that existed between these two population groups Europeans and Native AmericansRead MoreNative Americans And The Americans920 Words   |  4 PagesThe initial contact between Native Americans and the Europeans was far more unique than any other racial interaction because the Native Americans were already residing in the United States. As for other ethnic groups, they were foreign to the new soil in Northern America. At first, the Native Americans held hospitality towards the arriving Europeans, whereas, the Europeans did not hold any hospitality towards the arriving immigrants. The Europeans response to the Native Americans hospitality was toRead MoreCulture Is A Common Way Of Life Essay1190 Words   |  5 Pages CULTURAL DIFFERENCES STUDENT NAME STUDENT SCHOOL â€Æ' Abstract According to Christopher Dawson, culture is a common way of life. It is a shared set of learned beliefs, values, assumptions, attitudes and behaviours that differentiate a particular group of people from others(Wederspahn, 2009. p.19). Fundamental differences among people all stem from nationality, ethnicity and culture. Family background and individual experiences also contribute to these differences. These lead to differences in practicesRead MoreNative Americans And Western History1299 Words   |  6 PagesNative Americans are the original inhabitants of the West, and have played an important role in Western history and continue to do so in today’s society. Their role has changed many times over, both good and not so good, and most of the time it was not in their favor. The Indians were descendants of ancient hunters that migrated from Asia to America thousands of years ago, and the differences between the Natives and Europeans are monumental. From the Natives lack of ind ividual ownership of land to

The Impact of Self-Management Leadership on Organizational Creativity

Essays on The Impact of Self-Management Leadership on Organizational Creativity by John Politis Article ï » ¿ The complexity of modern business can be best attributed to the revolutionary changes occurred during the last century notably since the emergence of globalization and industrialization. In order to vie with the emerging market contingencies reasonable changes are inevitable with regard to an organization’s internal and external environments. It is not only the matter what the proposed changes are, but the mode of strategic implementation play a crucial role in the success of a venture. The given article- ‘The impact of self- management leadership on organisational creativity’ is the project work of John D. Politis. The article scientifically experiments the correlation between self management leadership and creativity factors. It clearly illustrates that a management without effective leadership quality and participative approach cannot confront with the vehemence of the modern high-tech competition. His arguments have been supported by his experiments bas ed on statistical method of fact finding. According to him, a management without innovative notions and well developed structure cannot par with the excellence required for the modern market trends. The following part includes the critical summary of his findings along with the similar perceptions found in some other volumes. How become more creative? Although business firms understand the essential of employees’ creativity, the tough task lies in this transition process. Politis states that management must employ an effective supervisory inspiration in order to motivate the employees to be more creative in their performance. An aggressive supervisor would little succeed with forming a creative workforce. In contrast, if a manager or a supervisor successfully maintains interpersonal relationship with his employees he would best make use of their potential. The manager must also be a role-model for his employees by demonstrating extraordinary level of quality in work performance. Politis also describes the importance of providing innovative job chances to employees (2). He argues that as a leadership tactic, employees can be given opportunity to be innovative in their own way so as to outsmart their co-workers in work performance. In addition to reducing employees’ workload manager must ensure workers feasibility to a ccess adequate resources such as technical knowledge and effective advice. The correlation between mental state and work performance is a trivial subject for research today as they have been emphasized by many of the organizational experts in their promotional experiments of employees’ creativity (Rego, Machado, Leal Cunha). The essential focus of every promotional theory goes toward the quality of work environment which can ensure workers’ mood consistency. It involves an employee’s scope of getting maximum support from seniors as well as from co-workers in his pursuit to achieve creativity. Obviously the introduction of modern technical facilities has been proven successful as they assist employees to dispose their duties rapidly and efficiently. Politis strongly recommends that employees will be more active if they are provided the opportunity to share their innovative concepts with management officials and with co-workers (2). Group assignment would promote integration of various departments and thereby employees’ self management aptitude and organizational cohesion. Organizations should try to ensure employees’ participation while taking important strategic decisions. Moreover managers must pay genuine concern even to employees’ small achievements which will add to their enthusiasm. Reward system becomes an important area of concern at this context with regard to employee motivation. For instance, management can initiate incentives or awards to promote employees with creative ideas or outstanding work performance. Why should make employees creative? The survival of an organization today heavily depends on its flexibility to adjust with new market trends. In the view of Politis, the flexibility of a firm is almost based on the innovative ideologies of its employees to create the situation which fits with frequent market fluctuations (1). For instance, assume that Nokia Cell Phone Company introduces a handset with 10 mega pixel camera and 25 GB internal memory support. In this situation, Sony Ericsson-the competing company must develop some handsets with more attractive features in order to retain its market. The opinion of Penttila would be appropriate to quote here; â€Å"Creative people are driven by exciting work more than by a paycheck, and they need to express themselves through their work† (Penttila, 2003). The creative employees engage in their work more emotionally which aids the firms to have diversified product lines. Similarly, an organization can minimize its operational costs if the employees are creative beca use their creativity helps the organization to avoid the costs of consultancy services. In case of creative employees, wastage will be at minimum rate so that cost of production can be minimized. In short, creative, self-managed employees are valuable assets of an organization since they retain the market stature of the company. To what extent a leader can motivate employees? The article tends to convey the notion that self-management leadership stimulates the inherent abilities of the employees through a variety of techniques. According to Politis, managers or supervisors can encourage and motivate the employee to be more creative until the exertion of motivation cause to alienate their innovative attitudes. In addition to this, the over work load may weaken the efficiency of employee performance and it adversely affects the business operations of the firm (Mcshane Glinow, 81). The article precisely opines that a leader with hierarchical ideologies cannot successfully implement self-management programs since he follows an orthodox concept. The leader must also understand the maximum capacity of a worker beyond which he/she is not to be forced. Self-management leadership and elements of creativity In the opinion of Politis, self-management leadership encourages various individual factors such as ‘self-observation, self-goal setting, self-reinforcement, self-expectation, rehearsal, and self-criticism’. In addition to encouraging these six factors, the self-management leadership also stimulates the positive factors of the creativity such as ‘freedom, sufficient resources, and challenging work’. In other words, leaders stimulate various inspirational factors of the employees and also provide favorable working environment to make use of employees’ creativity. The leaders engage in these two activities with the intention of coordinating the phenomenon of idea generation with process of idea implementation. From the hypothesis testing of Politis, the obtained results reflected some moderate positive correlations between self-management leadership factors and stimulant elements of creativity. On the other hand, the results showed non-significant or ze ro correlations between self-management leadership factors and negative stimulants of creativity (10). Even though leaders try to bring the best results from employees through encouragement and inspiration, sometimes they do not get the desired results due to stimulation of negative elements of creativity. Negative stimulation occurs when the leaders exert over workload on employees. Impact of self-management leadership on organizational structure We discussed the experimental results of Politis from his hypothesis testing. The leaders who encourage the employees’ self management leadership factors get good results since this activity promotes positive elements of creativity. The stimulation of positive work dimensions creates a creative atmosphere in the organization. His findings also suggest that a participative and self-leadership style enable the management to mould employees with creative concepts. The results also points out that the stimulation of some obstacle factors impedes the creative activities of the organization. In the words of Politis, excessive workload pressure, internal strife, conservatism, and rigid, formal management structure are the main obstacle factors. The effective leadership can stimulate the positive ingredients of creativity very well and thereby a working environment with positive strength. Politis’s hypothesis testing illustrates the correlation between self- management behavior and components of creativity. He got positive correlations between self-management factors and stimulant elements of creativity whereas non-significant or zero correlations existed between self-management leadership factors and obstacle elements of creativity. In short, the idea it conveys is that a leader’s approach makes his employees creative or mechanical. Works Cited Grant, Ken (Ed). Fourth European conference on management, leadership and governance. UK: Academic Conferences Limited, 2008, Print. Hughes, Jason, Seow, Christopher. Workplace Learning. Emerald Group Publishing, 2005. Print. Mcshane, Steven L. Glinow, Mary Ann Von. Organizational Behavior: Essentials, New York:Tata McGraw-Hill, 2007, Print. Politis, John D. ‘The impact of Self-management leadership on organizational creativity’. Higher College of Technology. United Arab Emirates. Penttila, Chris. â€Å"An art in itself: managing your creative employees can be a challenge, but doing it well is crucial to your business†, bnet Business Publications. Dec, 2003. Web 7 Dec 2010 Rego, Armenio. Machado, Fernanda. Leal, Susana Cunha, Miguel Pina e. â€Å"Are hope full employee more creative?An emprical Study†. Academic papers.org. n.d. Web 6 Dec 2010

President Nixons International and Domestic Challenges free essay sample

He said that it was time for a new leadership for the United States of America, and that new leadership was him. Nixon won in a very close election against Hubert Humphrey and promised to restore law and order to the nations cities. What everyone didnt know was that for him to achieve his future accomplishments, he would destroy the nations trust. A positive international challenge that Nixon was involved in was seeking better relations with China. Early in his first term, Nixon and his adviser, Henry Kissing, began sending subtle proposals hinting at warmer relations to the Peoples Republic f Chinas government.When both countries hinted at this, Kissing flew on secret diplomatic missions to Beijing and in July 1971, the President announced that he would visit the PRE the following year. This confused most Americans at the time because they believed that all communists countries were evil. When Nixon flew to China in February and he met with Mao Sedona. Onions visit included a vast shift in the Cold War balance. Putting the U. S. And China against the Soviet Union. Several months later, Nixon traveled to the U. S. S. R. And met with Leonie Brethren and other Soviet leaders.The result this trip was the signing of the Naturalistic Missile Treaty of 1972, The treaty restricted the number of Cubic each nation could manufacture and stockpile and it was part of SALT (Strategic Arms Limitations Talks). Onions visits to China was a triumph because it contained the Soviet Union from expanding and gaining power _ His visit to the was a diplomatic accomplishment because it improved relations with them. Nixon faced many international disputes during his presidency and some of them, he responded to negatively. Throughout the Vietnam War, President Nixon had sent a utter to President Ho Chi Mini stating that he believes the war has gone on to long and it needs to stop(Doc B). When the letter didnt work, the biggest international challenge for Nixon was how to end the Vietnam War. Nixon and Kissing both had a belief that they could end the war in six months, but they were proved wrong. In 1968, the same year Nixon was elected, there had been two huge events of the the burden of the Vietnam War and he asked the American citizens for their support(Doc D).Two months into his presidency, Nixon realized that there seemed to be no end in sight to the war. In 1969, Nixon ordered the secret bombing of Cambodia. The targets of these attacks were sanctuaries and base areas of the Peoples Army of Vietnam and forces of the Viet Gong, which used them for resurvey, training, and resting between campaigns across the border in the Republic of Vietnam. Onions purpose for the bombing raid was because the first had been unsuccessful. The purpose of the secrecy was to protect Shannon. The way Nixon responded with the secret bombing was negative.He never told America or the Congress about it and that led to the distrust of the American citizens. Environmental concerns were a challenge but Nixon responded to them positively. In Onions presidency, he started out opposing environmental laws. But then he realized that protecting the environment was popular and he saw it as a politically beneficial area. By the time of his resignation, he created more laws than any other president before him. In early 1970, President Nixon signed the legislation that became the National Environmental Policy Act. He announced it was the first symbolic act of the environmental decade. Between the years of 1970 and 1972, Nixon created the Environmental Protection Agency and signed laws including the Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, and the Marine Mammal Protection Act. Another thing he did was sign executive orders and international agreements on environmental issues. In early 1973, an international conference was held to discuss endangered species. The product of the conference was the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. The U. S. Needed a new legislation to meet some of the agreements provisions and it led to the Endangered Species Act.In Onions State of the Union speech in 1973, he called for stronger wildlife protection. The results of these environmental laws and international agreements made the public extremely happy. Even though Onions intentions were selfish when he got involved in environmental concerns, he responded unquestionably positive. All his hard work helped pave the way for a cleaner society. In 1973, an oil crisis began when the members of the OPEC (consisting of the Arab members of OPEC, plus Egypt, Syria and Tunisia) proclaimed an oil embargo in response to the United States decision to resurvey the Israeli military during the Yon Kipper War.The embargo happened when 85% of American workers had to drive to work every day. President Nixon had to set the course of voluntary rationing. He reposed an extension of daylight savings time, had gas stations hold their sales to a Max of ten gallons per customer and a maximum speed limit of 50 miles per hour, and asked companies to trim down work hours(Doc H). The price at the pump rose from 30 cents a gallon to $1. 20(Doc C). Nixon also had Congress approve off Trans- Alaskan oil pipeline. Nixon responded to the recession the best way possible.The embargo was lifted on March 18, 1974. The downfall of Nixon was his worst domestic challenge. America found out about his scandals and it led to his resignation as president. The Watergate Scandal starts hen Nixon won the 1968 election, one of the closest elections in U. S. History. In 1970, Nixon approves a plan for a greatly expanding domestic intelligence gathering revokes his approval. Then in June of 1971, New York Times begins publishing the Pentagon Papers. The Pentagon Papers is about the Defense Departments secret history of the Vietnam War.In September of the same year, the White House plumbers unit burglarizes a psychiatrists office to find files on the former defense analyst who leaked the Pentagon Papers, Daniel Algebra. The White House plumbers unit got their name from their orders to plug leaks in the administration. The year of 1972 is a busy year. On June 17, five men were arrested trying to bug the Democrats offices at the Watergate hotel. The Washington Post reported many things that year. One was that a $25,000 check wound up in the bank account of a Watergate burglar.Another was that John Mitchell controlled a secret Republican fund used to finance widespread intelligence-gathering operations against Democrats. Nixon was reelected president in one of the largest landslides in U. S. History in 1972 against George McGovern. His inaugural address said that since he was elected in 1968, America has been better(Doc F). But the truth was, that in 1973, Nixon was turning out to be anything but great. In the beginning of 1973, former Nixon aides G. Gordon Lid and James W. McCormick. , convicted of wiretapping in the Watergate incident. Then, H.R. Hellman and John Reliance, and Attorney General Richard Slinkiest all resigned over the scandal. John Dean, a White House counsel, was fired. In May, Elliot Richardson taps Archibald Cox as the Justice Departments special prosecutor for Watergate. Later, in June, John Dean tells the Watergate investigators that he discussed the Watergate cover-up with Nixon at least 35 times and the Washington Post reports it. In July, Alexander Butterflies revealed in his congressional testimony that since 1971, President Nixon had recorded all conversations in his office.When the Senate asked Nixon for the tapes, he refused. On the Saturday Night Massacre, Nixon fired Archibald Cox and Elliot Richardson and William D. Recklessness resigned. When Nixon reluctantly agreed to hand over the tape, there was an 18 minute gap. Nixon kept giving them pieces of the tape when they asked for them(Doc G). He never Just handed over all the tapes. The Supreme Court ruled that Nixon must turn over the tape recordings. In 1974, the Washington Post reported that the inevitable was nearing(Doc l).